Glomerulonephritis during Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection: Scoping Review

Author:

Forster Adam1,Sabur Natasha2,Iqbal Ali3,Vaughan Stephen4,Thomson Benjamin5

Affiliation:

1. Western University

2. University of Toronto

3. McMaster University

4. University of Calgary

5. Johns Hopkins University

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction People with Tuberculosis (TB) infection may present with glomerulonephritis (GN). The range of presentations, renal pathologies, and clinical outcomes are uncertain. Whether clinical features that establish if GN etiology is medication or TB related, and possible benefits of immunosuppression remain uncertain. Methods A scoping review was completed, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Conference Abstracts from Inception to December, 2023. The study population included patients with TB infection who developed GN and underwent renal biopsy. All data regarding presentation, patient characteristics, renal pathology, management of TB and GN, and outcomes were summarized. Results There were 62 studies identified, with 130 patients. These cases included a spectrum of presentations including acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome and hypertension, and a range of 10 different renal pathology diagnoses. Cases that included immunosuppression and outcomes ranged from complete remission to long-term dialysis dependence. The presence of granulomas (4/4, 100%), anti-GBM disease (3/3, 100%), amyloidosis (75/76, 98.7%), and FSGS (2/2, 100%) were specific for GN being TB-infection related. On the other hand, minimal change disease was specific for anti-TB therapy related (7/7, 100%). While patients with more aggressive forms of GN commonly were prescribed immunosuppression, this study was unable to confirm efficacy. Only rifampin or isoniazid were implicated in drug-associated GN. Discussion This study provides a clear rationale for renal biopsy in patients with TB and GN, and outlines predictors for the GN etiology. Thus, this study establishes key criteria to optimize diagnosis and management of patients with TB and GN.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Reference75 articles.

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4. Oxley Oxland J, Ensor J, Freercks R. Tuberculosis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;2018.

5. ANCA associated glomerulonephritis in tuberculosis: a paradoxical reaction;Griffin SOB;BMJ Case Rep,2021

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