Pressure Ulcers and associated factors among adult patients admitted to The Surgical Wards in the Comprehensive Specialized Hospital of the Northwest Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a serious concern in patients with prolonged bedtime and present with common complications following surgery. It is one of the key performance indicators of the quality of nursing care provided to patients. Several studies have reported the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. There is a lack of evidence regarding its prevalence and associated factors in the current study area. The main objective of this study was to assess pressure ulcers and their associated factors among adult patients admitted to the surgical ward of the Amhara Regional Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia in,2023. Method An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to June 19, 2023, in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 480 patients. Descriptive data are presented as absolute numbers with percentages, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between associated factors and pressure ulcers. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results A total of 49 pressure ulcers were detected among 480 patients. a prevalence rate of 10.2%, 95% CI (7.7, 12.9). Participants who had smoked (95% CI: AOR 7.46 (2.64,21.06), were bedridden (95% CI: AOR 3.92 (1.28, 11.66), had length of hospital stay of 21 days (95% CI: AOR 3.01 (1.13, 8.02), had pain (95% CI: AOR 3.20 (1.06, 7.51), or had friction and shear (95% CI: AOR 5.71 (1.91, 17.08), were found to be significant factors associated with pressure ulcers. Conclusion This study showed that a high percentage of PUs among patients had pressure ulcers. Smoking status, pain, bedridden status, friction and shear problems, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with pressure ulcers. Healthcare providers should educate patients about smoking risks, pain management, mattress installation, and linen care.