Hydrogen generation from Red Sea water using CsSnI2 Cl lead-free perovskite/porous CuO nanomaterials: Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract This study performed the preparation of inorganic CsSnI2Cl Lead-free perovskite material with a great optical behavior that qualifies these materials for photoelectrode application. CsSnI2Cl is prepared through the casting adding the perovskite solution on porous CuO that previously prepared under the combustion of Cu-foil. Through short heating, the CsSnI2Cl/CuO/Cu photoelectrode is prepared. This perovskite material is confirmed through the optical absorbance that has a great optical behavior with a band gap of 1.75 eV. The application of CsSnI2Cl/CuO/Cu for hydrogen generation is performed using red sea water as an electrolyte, in which the hydrogen generation rate is estimated using the produced current density (Jph) value. This Jph value is 20 mA/cm2 under a metal halide lamp. Moreover, this photoelectrode is estimated under various wavelengths, in which the optimum Jph (10.8 mA.cm-2) is achieved at 340 nm, in which the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) is 33 % at this wave lengths. This photoelectrode provides its qualified for hydrogen generation reaction under a wide optical range from 340 to 730 nm. Soon, our team is working on designing an electrochemical cell that can convert the red sea water into hydrogen gas directly.