The Moderating Effect of Physical Activity on the Relationship Between Neutrophils and Depression: A Cross-sectional Analysis Based on the NHANES Database

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To analyze the relationship between neutrophil count and depression based on the NHANES database and to explore the moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between neutrophils and depression. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the NHANES database were extracted, including demographic information, neutrophil count, scores from the PHQ-9 depression self-assessment scale, and scores from the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). Pearson correlation, binary logistic regression, restricted cubic spline models, and linear regression equation models were used to analyze the association among physical activity, neutrophil count, and depression. Results: There was a positive correlation between neutrophil count and depression, with an OR[95%CI] of 1.12[1.011,1.24]. The effect of physical activity in moderating the impact of neutrophils on depression was statistically significant (β=-0.1691, P<0.05). Conclusion: Identifying depression in adults can be informed by monitoring neutrophil counts, which may be related to the "inflammation-induced depression" theory. Physical activity, as an effective moderator, significantly reduces the impact of neutrophils on depression, offering potential value in future prevention and intervention strategies for depression.