Retroperitoneal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: two cases of rare adult disease and a literature review

Abstract

Background Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare and potentially low-grade malignant soft tissue tumor, more commonly found in children and young adults. It typically arises in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues of the limbs, followed by the trunk and head/neck regions. Retroperitoneal AFH is exceedingly rare, with local recurrence and metastasis even rarer occurrences. Case presentation This report presents clinical, imaging, biopsy, and molecular detection results from two cases of adult retroperitoneal AFH. One case experienced recurrence and metastasis one year post-surgery. Additionally, this article integrates these cases with a literature review of published instances of retroperitoneal AFH. Conclusions Retroperitoneal AFH is uncommon; patients with incomplete tumor capsules and surrounding invasion are predisposed to postoperative recurrence and metastasis. A definitive diagnosis relies on pathology. By detailing these two cases of retroperitoneal AFH, we aim to enhance medical professionals' understanding of this disease.