The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Nutritional Status, and Sarcopenia in Community- Dwelling Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Abstract Aim This study was conducted in Urumqi, Xinjiang, to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and to determine the relationship between physical activity, nutritional status, and sarcopenia among community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 408 elderly individuals (aged > 60) after physical examination participated in this study in the Urumqi, Xinjiang community. Nutritional status, physical activity, and body composition served as explanatory points in identifying sarcopenia based on the 2019 Asian Sarcopenia criteria. To further explore the influences on sarcopenia, univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Among the 408 patients, 84 (20.6%) had sarcopenia, with a frequency of 12.6%, 32.1%, and 51.9% in those aged 60–70, 71– 80, and 81 or older respectively. The frequency increased significantly with age. Adjusting for variables, the study found that FFM of the Left Leg (OR: 9.111, 95% CI: 1.342 ~ 61.869, P = 0.024), FFM of the Right Arm (OR: 35603.510, 95% CI: 160.022 ~ 7921444.104, P < 0.001), Age (OR: 1.246, 95% CI: 1.031 ~ 1.505, P = 0.023), ASMI (OR: 0.000, 95% CI: 0.00 ~ 0.01, P < 0.001), Fasting Blood Glucose (OR: 1.649, 95% CI: 1.066 ~ 2.550, P = 0.025), and Post-Prandial Blood Glucose (OR: 1.455, 95% CI: 0.999 ~ 2.118, P = 0.025) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. An increase in MNA score (OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.244 ~ 0.6500, P < 0.001) and walking energy expenditure (MET-min) (OR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.996 ~ 0.999, P = 0.001) reduced the frequency of sarcopenia. Conclusion This study shows that an age- related increase in skeletal muscle mass index, a decrease in FFM of the right arm, higher postprandial blood glucose, a higher MNA score, and increased walking energy expenditure (MET-min) are significantly associated with combined sarcopenia.