Mortality in Sea Lions is associated with the introduction of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Brazil, October 2023: Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis

Author:

Araújo Andreina Carvalho1,Cho Andrew Yong2,Silva Laura Morais Nascimento1,Corrêa Thais Camilo1,Souza Gabriela Cristini3,Albuquerque Adriana Silva3,Macagnan Eduardo3,Kolesnikvoas Cristiane K. M.4,Meurer Rafael4,Vieira Jenyffer Vierheller5,Lemos Giulia Gaglianone5,Barreto André Silva6,Dick Jeferson Luis7,Groch Karina Rejane8,Castilho Pedro Volkmer3,Amgarten Deyvid9,Malta Fernanda9,Miller Michael10,Dorlass Erick G.9,Palameta Soledad10,Lee Sun-Hak2,Arns Clarice Weis10,Durigon Edison L.1,Pinho João Renato R.9,Lee Dong-Hun2,Ferreira Helena Lage1

Affiliation:

1. University of Sao Paulo

2. Konkuk University

3. UDESC

4. R3 Animal Association

5. University of the Joinville Region, UNIVILLE

6. LIBGeo, UNIVALI

7. UNIVALI

8. Australis Institute

9. Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital

10. University of Campinas – UNICAMP

Abstract

Abstract Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference14 articles.

1. Resurgence of avian influenza virus;Wille M;Science,2022

2. Avian influenza overview June–September 2023;Authority EFS;EFSA J,2023

3. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru;Leguia M;Nat Commun,2023

4. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Wild Birds, Chile;Ariyama N;Emerg Infect Disease J,2023

5. Mass Mortality of Sea Lions Caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus;Gamarra-Toledo V;Emerg Infect Disease J,2023

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