Detailed Audit of the Energy Efficiency in Water Systems: New Performance Indices

Author:

Morani Maria Cristina1,Carravetta Armando2,Fecarotta Oreste2ORCID,Montillo Renato1

Affiliation:

1. Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Ambientale

2. Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Ambientale: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Ambientale

Abstract

Abstract The proposed work aims at developing a new set of indices to carry out the energy audit of water systems. The new set consists of both supply and distribution indices and results from a global energy balance applied to a reference network. In this study, the energy audit of two case study networks is presented by the aid of the new proposed indices. Moreover, for each network, different scenarios are considered, differing in the management strategy proposed to increase the energy efficiency of the system. The comparison of the scenarios in terms of indices has allowed for evaluating the most efficient strategy to reduce the pressure exceeding within the network, among different solutions. According to the results, with reference to the case study distribution network, installing both pumps as turbines and pressure reducing valves represent the most efficient strategy, containing the excess pressure and also offering possibility for energy recovery. Moreover, with reference to the water supply system assumed as further case study network, the strategy exhibiting better values in terms of indices is represented by a direct pumping towards the downstream distribution network, instead of pumping towards an upper reservoir and using a valve or a turbine to dissipate the excess pressure. In this work, the proposed indices are demonstrated to be a useful tool for water managers to identify, among different solutions, the most effective intervention to increase the energy efficiency of water systems.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference590 articles.

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2. Morani, Maria Cristina and Carravetta, Armando and {Del Giudice}, Giuseppe and McNabola, Aonghus and Fecarotta, Oreste (2018) {A Comparison of Energy Recovery by PATs against Direct Variable Speed Pumping in Water Distribution Networks}. Fluids 3(2) https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids3020041

3. {Gonz{\'{a}}lez Perea}, R. and {Camacho Poyato}, E. and Montesinos, P. and {Rodr{\'{i}}guez D{\'{i}}az}, J. A. (2018) {Prediction of applied irrigation depths at farm level using artificial intelligence techniques}. Agricultural Water Management https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.019, ANFIS,Genetic algorithm,Irrigation scheduling,Optimal input variables,Precision agriculture, 18732283, Irrigation water demand is highly variable and depends on farmer behaviour, which affects the performance of irrigation networks. The irrigation depth applied to each farm also depends on farmer behaviour and is affected by precise and imprecise variables. In this work, a hybrid methodology combining artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms was developed to model farmer behaviour and forecast the daily irrigation depth used by each farmer. The models were tested in a real irrigation district located in southwest Spain. Three optimal models for the main crops in the irrigation district were obtained. The representability (R2) and accuracy of the predictions (standard error prediction, SEP) were 0.72, 0.87 and 0.72; and 22.20{%}, 9.80{%} and 23.42{%}, for rice, maize and tomato crop models, respectively.

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