Association between coffee consumption and diabetic complications: A two- sample Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Abstract In response to the current clinical debate regarding the causal relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of diabetic complications, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine the impact of coffee on diabetic complications, and further explored this association in complications of diabetes subtypes. We collected summary statistics from 22 genome-wide association studies in the UK Biobank database and FinnGen R9 repository. Causal effects were assessed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) model, maximum likelihood method, weighted median method, simple median method, and MR-Egger method. Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO global test were utilized for sensitivity analysis. Genetic evidence indicates a positive linkage between coffee intake and the risk of diabetes complications, with coffee significantly increasing the risk of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic peripheral angiopathy, and possibly promoting the occurrence and progression of diabetic ocular complications. Coffee also contributed substantially to the complications of type 2 diabetes, while the connection between coffee consumption and complications of type 1 diabetes was modestly notable. These findings provide a scientific foundation for more targeted prevention and management of diabetes complications.