Effect of Co 2+ substituted La 2 CuO 4 nanoparticles: Structural, morphological, optical and magnetic behaviour

Abstract

Impact of Co²⁺ doping on the properties of the structural, magnetic, functional and optical of La₂CuO₄ system formed by combustion process. Every sample of lanthanum cuprate was examined. The development of single-phase orthorhombic crystals with a Bmab space group was verified by X-ray diffraction patterns. The monophasic orthorhombic lattice structure of the material has crystallite size that falls between 28 and 41 nm. The lattice constant falls between a = 5.361 Å − 5.349 Å, b = 5.410 Å − 5.399 Å & c = 13.160 Å − 13.148 Å. The XRD of La₂CuO₄ perovskite nanomaterials correspond well with the calculated ones, with χ² values closer to 1. Energy gap values decreases from 1.75 to 1.68 eV due to the quantum confinement. The hysteresis curves recorded at 300 K show that coercivity ranges from 210.09 to 177.37 Oe as the content decreases, confirming that the crystallite size increase. The samples were with soft ferromagnetic behavior found in the VSM study.