Long-Term Memory Plasticity: A Decade-Long Connectivity Study Post Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection

Abstract

Abstract Approximately 40% of individuals undergoing anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy experience episodic memory decline. Despite the importance of early memory network changes, long-term plasticity and its impact on memory function are unclear. Our study investigates neural mechanisms of memory recovery and network plasticity over nearly a decade post-surgery. From 3–12 months to 10 years postoperatively, we assessed memory network changes in 25 patients (12 left-sided resections) relative to 10 healthy matched controls, using longitudinal, task-based functional MRI and standard neuropsychology assessments. In a predominantly seizure-free cohort, our findings highlight the potential for sustained cognitive improvement and reduced medication needs over a decade after epilepsy surgery. We observed specific changes in memory networks and identified regions crucial for long-term verbal and visual memory recovery. These findings endorse strategic approaches in epilepsy treatment: advocating for conservative surgeries and promoting the long-term use of cognitive rehabilitation for ongoing recovery.