Understanding the Ecosystem of Stakeholder Networks Addressing Loneliness in Six Cities Worldwide

Abstract

Abstract Background: Loneliness is increasingly reported as a growing problem throughout society and is insufficiently addressed through traditional health care systems. Current evidence highlights the physical, emotional, and mental health implications of loneliness. Further, the impact of loneliness as a global public health issue is evidenced by connections to increased obesity, depression, weakened immune systems, and high blood pressure. Interventions aimed at addressing reducing loneliness are being developed and despite their promises, limited evidence of their efficacy exists. In this paper, we look at the cross-sector networks being developed across six cities as a way to develop and implement a specific intervention (Nature Based Social Prescribing) to address social isolation and loneliness. Methods: A network analysis of participating countries was launched with the goal of knowing more about potential networks in partner cities that the RECETAS consortium could draw on when designing and implementing NBSP interventions. We were able to visualize and measure the existing networks and create a place-based understanding of how NBSP can be promoted and sustained locally. Results: The social network analysis reveals similarities and differences across six international cities, and their experiences of establishing networks and collaborating between organizations and their perceptions of and responses to nature-based prescribing and outcomes. These maps are indicative of the number and scope of relational networks that exist in each study site. Our analysis shows that the number of members varies greatly by country, but that quite a few have a large number of relationships and activities. All cities reported an active network in these areas. The membership of these networks was expected, although there are members from unusual sectors that are encouraged to participate in order to diversify the networks. Conclusions: The RECETAS project will use these network data and results to understand how stakeholders across the six cities are working to address mental health, well-being, and loneliness through social prescribing and nature-based activities with the ultimate goal to systematically improve mental health and well-being, reduce loneliness, promote vibrant socially-connected communities, contribute to the sustainability of cities, and reduce health inequities by connecting diverse populations to nature in meaningful ways.