Hunger, fear and isolation: An analysis of media reports of COVID-19 related suicides in India

Abstract

Abstract Purpose: India’s suicide rates are among the highest in the world, and may increase further as a consequence of COVID-19. There is an urgent need to examine which pandemic related stressors may be contributing to suicide and to identify vulnerable populations to inform the deployment of suicide prevention strategies. Methods: We identified, and conducted a thematic analysis of Internet media reports of COVID-19 related suicides in India between February 1, 2020 (2 days after the first COVID-19 case), and May 31, 2020, (the end of phase four of the nationwide lockdown). Results: We identified 291 suicides, and observed a rise in the number reported every month. 10 pandemic stressors spanning both disease and lockdown-related factors contributed to these suicides. Economic hardship was present in a third; other notable stressors were: fear of the virus; isolation; desperation to be connected with loved ones or return home; and craving for alcohol. A range of groups seemed particularly vulnerable to these stressors including specific demographic populations (young people, men); socially disadvantaged groups (for example, migrant workers); and those with health problems and other risks (for example, persons with COVID-19 exposure). Conclusions: COVID-19 related suicides are precipitated by social and economic adversities, mainly associated with containment strategies. Urgent action is needed to implement a nationwide suicide prevention strategy which can mitigate the impact of recognized stressors, target high-risk individuals, and offer mental health care alongside containment strategies.