Role of Family Factors in Provision and Perception of Social Support for Older People in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Abstract Background Iran has experienced a very fast fertility transition. The process of demographic transition, coupled with modernization, has had considerable consequences for the structure and function of families. There is rising concern in Iran about a potential decline in family care and support for older people as a result of these changes. The main aim of this study was to provide a benchmark by examining current associations between family factors and older people’s social support, both perceived and received. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 644 people aged 60 + years resident in Tehran stratified by socioeconomic status of area. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the hypotheses. Results The analyses showed that most of the family factors measured, including family size, living arrangements, and amount of contact with family members were associated with older people’s receipt of instrumental social support, as expected. Living arrangements and quality of relationships with family members were associated with older people’s perceptions of social support. Conclusion Implications of these findings for older people currently living in Iran are considered. These findings may also provide important insights into the implications of demographic and associated family changes for older people in the future.