Outcomes of Patients on Mechanical Ventilation among Adult Intensive Care Units of Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation is a supportive treatment for patients who are unable to maintain adequate oxygenation and/or removal of carbon dioxide. One of the most common indications of admission to the intensive care unit is the need for the ventilator support. Patients admitted to intensive care units who need mechanical ventilation had been higher mortality rates than those who do not require respiratory support. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical profile and outcomes of patients on mechanical ventilation among adult intensive care units of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study was employed using a principal investigator developed (PI) data extraction form. We reviewed retrospectively a one-year medical record of ventilated patient from September 1, 2018- August 30, 2019. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Description of median frequency and standard deviation (SD) on each variable were calculated. Multivarte logistic regression was assessed to association between dependent and independent variable. Results There were 693 patients admitted to AICU over the one year and 348(50.2%) were mechanically ventilated. The main source for admission was Adult emergency and operation room with same percent (37.6%). The main reason for ICU admission was respiratory (55.2%). The predominant indication of mechanical ventilation was respiratory failure (41.9%), neurological failure (36.7%) and sepsis (11.4%). Volume control ventilation was the most common initial mode of ventilation used. In multivariable regression analysis being medical diagnosis patients, multi organ dysfunction syndrome and sedation used were statistically positively associated with mortality at p-value of less than 0.05 with CI 95%. Conclusions The mortality rate of Adult patients on mechanical ventilation in Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital was high. This high mortality rate suggesting an urgent need for extensive improvement in protocols for ICU set up.