Evaluating binaural hearing capabilities in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss through bilateral bone conduction stimulation

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the impact of bilateral bone conduction (BC) stimulation and sensorineural hearing loss on spatial release from masking, binaural intelligibility level difference, and lateralization. The study involved two groups of adults with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss: one group of 21 participants with symmetric hearing loss and another group of nine participants with asymmetric hearing loss. All tests were conducted through BC and air conduction (AC) headsets with non-individualized virtual positions of the sound sources and linear amplification based on individual hearing thresholds. The findings revealed a bilateral benefit for both groups of hearing-impaired individuals, with symmetric hearing loss yielding better results than asymmetric hearing loss. AC stimulation provided approximately twice the benefit in terms of dB compared to BC stimulation. A large part of this benefit originated from a favorable signal-to-noise ratio due to noise reduction from the head shadow. However, binaural processing was present in both hearing-impaired groups with bilateral BC stimulation. The ability to lateralize sounds based on interaural time delays was significantly impaired in participants with both types of hearing loss when stimulation was by BC. Despite these challenges, the study underscores the benefits of bilateral fitting of BC hearing aids, even in individuals with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss, whether symmetric or asymmetric.