A Volumetric Analysis of Handaxe Symmetry Referencing a Known Symmetrical Ideal

Abstract

AbstractThis article outlines a novel volumetric approach to analyzing 3D symmetry in Acheulean handaxes. This method offers a high-resolution analysis of Acheulean handaxe symmetry in three dimensions. It increases the resolution of the analytical model by orders of magnitude over current 2D planar and 3D geometric morphometric methods. After reviewing the history, conceptualization, application, and debate of symmetry, I focus on the archaeological discussion and evolutionary importance of symmetry in Acheulean handaxes. I review and critique previous analytical methods before introducing a volumetric approach using digitized stone artifacts and an ideal cordiform. I introduce theOmega (ω) Coefficient of Symmetry, a ratio describing the quotient of 1) the numerator — the maximum volume of an Ideal Cordiform (whereIdealis defined as bilaterally and bifacially symmetrical) that can occupy the topology of a digitized handaxe, and 2) the denominator, the volume of the digitized handaxe. I conclude by discussing the limitations and future applications of this method and its possible applications to unresolved debates in the field of evolutionary cognitive archaeology and beyond.