The Transdiagnostic Oncology Program (TOP), a combined lifestyle intervention for improving the quality of life of cancer survivors: a controlled before-and-after pilot study in the primary care setting

Abstract

Abstract Purpose There is a need for interdisciplinary primary care-led aftercare programs for the common (transdiagnostic) problems cancer survivors experience to increase their quality of life. The aim of this controlled before-and-after pilot study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a transdiagnostic, family doctor-led interdisciplinary program to increase quality of life in a heterogeneous group of cancer survivors. Methods The intervention group (N = 19) followed a 12-month interdisciplinary aftercare program in the primary care setting, consisting of: family doctor consultation, physical exercise, mind-body therapy, sleep hygiene, dietary recommendations, and optional psychological therapy. Eligible cancer survivors who declined participation, were included as controls (N = 16). The primary outcome was quality of life, as measured with the EORTC-QOL-C30, covering global health status, and various forms of functioning and symptoms. Secondary outcomes included assessments of fatigue, mental health, happiness, and work ability. Assessments took place at baseline (T0), and 6 months (T1) and 12 months post-baseline (T2). Intention-to-treat multilevel analyses were conducted. Results At baseline, the intervention group scored significantly worse on several indices of quality of life, and on secondary outcomes, compared to controls. The intervention group showed significantly larger increases at T2 in physical and social functioning, and decreases in fatigue and anxiety, compared to the control group. Conclusion TOP seems feasible and seems to increase the quality of life and related aspects in cancer survivors over 1 year. A randomized controlled trial is warranted.