Numerical simulation of the formation of the Zaozigou gold deposit i n the West Qinling Mountains: distribution of hidden mineralization and its controlling factors

Abstract

The Zaozigou gold deposit, situated in Gansu Province within the West Qinling orogenic belt, is classified as a super-large gold deposit. In the exploration of mineralization processes, numerous factors pose challenges for traditional identification methods. This study employs numerical simulation techniques to investigate factors that are challenging to discern through conventional methodologies in the formation of the Zaozigou gold deposit mineralization system. We aim to utilize multi-field coupling, integrating thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, to replicate the intricate movement of ore-bearing fluids. The research uncovers the mineralization patterns of the Zaozigou gold deposit. By constructing a two-dimensional model and examining the interplay of time, space, materials, and evolution, we pinpoint areas of abnormal temperature and normal pressure within the fluid, where the spatial distribution of S²⁻ correlates with known mineralization patterns. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the migration of ore-bearing fluids, influenced by thermal flow fields and pressure dynamics, can lead to mineral concentration in regions exhibiting pronounced barotropic stress anomalies. These zones boast favorable mineralization conditions, elucidating disparities in mineralization between the northeastern and southwestern flanks of the fault-fold structure within the mining field. The outcomes of this investigation introduce a novel approach for advancing hidden ore prospecting efforts in the Zaozigou region.