Breeding Ecology and Adaptive Nest-building Behavior in Indian White-spotted Fantail Flycatcher (Rhipidura Albogularis)

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the nesting behavior and ecological dynamics of the White-Spotted Fantail Flycatcher (Rhipidura albogularis) in India, providing extensive insights into its breeding ecology. Conducted in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, the research involved meticulous observation of fifteen nests, documenting nest construction, materials used, and site characteristics. These passerines, known for aerial feeding, exhibited distinctive nest-building behaviors, constructing cup-shaped nests with unique tail-like structures using a combination of organic materials such as plant fibers, grasses, human hairs, and spider cobwebs. Particularly noteworthy was the discovery of adaptive behavior in response to predation risks: the species demonstrated the ability to modify nest architecture during subsequent nesting attempts by increasing cup depth and nest height, resulting in improved fledgling success. Detailed observations of egg laying, clutch sizes, incubation periods, and fledgling stages revealed egg dimensions of 16.2 x 12.5 mm with diverse spot patterns and colours. Initial nesting attempts encountered challenges, including predation by cats or raptors, highlighting vulnerabilities. However, the study underscored the species' remarkable adaptability through altered nest construction, positively impacting breeding success and exemplifying its adaptive responses to environmental pressures. This comprehensive understanding emphasizes the pivotal role of nest architecture in mitigating predation risks and underscores the significance of continuous observations in avian species' adaptation to environmental challenges. The findings offer crucial contributions to avian ecology, laying groundwork for conservation strategies and further scientific exploration aimed at the preservation of the White-Spotted Fantail Flycatcher.