Multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features: reporting a rare case.

Abstract

Abstract Multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features (MSCAC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy that primarily affects the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by a varied histological appearance, exhibiting similarities to both adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and other sinonasal malignancies. MSCAC presents a diagnostic challenge due to its histological features that overlap with other tumors, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate management and prognosis. Here, we present the case of a 49-year-old male with no notable medical history, who presented to the Emergency department with nasal bleeding. A biopsy revealed a tumor displaying a prominent basaloid component, accompanied by high mitotic activity and necrosis, an adenoid cystic-like component, and a non-keratinizing squamous cell component. Immunohistochemistry was performed and supported the diagnosis of multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma with adenoid cystic features. In conclusion, MSCAC is a rare and aggressive malignancy of the sinonasal tract. Its diverse histological appearance and overlapping features with other tumors present diagnostic challenges. This abstract provides an overview of MSCAC, highlighting its clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options. Further research and collaboration among experts are necessary to enhance our understanding of this uncommon malignancy and develop standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.