Seasonal Potential of Typhadomingensis (Pers.) Poir. ex Steud to Restore Heavy metals’ Contaminated Wetlands in Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) has been reported as a heavy metal (HV) hyperaccumulator in several studies. The purpose of the current study was to look into the seasonal variations in the accumulation potential of T. domingensis (TD) for HV in degraded wetlands in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Sampling of recent wild plants from the TD's subterranean and surface components was gathered from different contaminated sites distributed in the canal of Ismailia and Nahia drain, as well as from the River Nile as an uncontaminated site (control). The findings showed that pollution had a negative effect on the chemical characteristics of sediment and water. Seasonal fluctuations in the growth characteristics that are significant, except for the leaf area of the TD, were recognized. The subterranean plant components stored higher amounts of HV than that of aboveground shoots. Mn concentration (413.2 mg kg-1) was greater in the roots of autumnal plants, whereas their shoots recorded the highest Pb (225.8 mg kg-1). Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn concentrations were highest in summer plant roots (1499.9, 74.8,1356.1, 3948.8, 403.8 and 1294.2 mg kg-1, respectively). Chlorophyll b and carotenoid levels both decreased significantly. Chlorophyll b decreased by 32%, while carotenoid content decreased by 28% in contrast to the control samples. The factor of metal bioaccumulation (BF) values, were high in TD plants growing in a contaminated Ismailia canal, but factors for translocation (TF) values for all measured elements were lower than one, except for Pb. As a result, summer is the best time of year for TD to sequester high HV concentrations. The authors recommended that TD may be employed to mitigate HVs pollution in wetlands.