A nanoformula comprising three entities in one design Synthetic Sorafenib- loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) conjugated with natural Curcumin induces a distinct intrinsic apoptosis pathway versus Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 cell lines

Abstract

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of cancer globally. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for treatment as first-line strategies, but the desire for novel development is necessary to achieve high efficiency and low side effects. Sorafenib (Sor) is approved as a multi-TKIs. The goal of this study is to evaluate a novel formula containing Sorafenib-curcumin (Cur) -loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). Characterization measurements were performed for the new formula. Sor's normal scale and the new formula's nanoscale drug release and cytotoxicity against the WI38 and A549 cell lines were also tested. Additionally, apoptosis factors such as P-53, caspases 3 and 9, cytochrome C, and BAX were measured. The results established the formation of Sor-PLGA-Cur nanoparticles with an entrapment efficiency of 81%. The new formula was less toxic to the WI-38 cell line than Sor, and it performed better in A549. Apoptosis factor measurements revealed that the new formula was more efficient on the A549 cell line than the Sor on a normal scale. In conclusion, the efficiency of Sor could be enhanced with Cur-loaded PLGA in NPs, providing a promising therapy for NSCLC with fewer side effects.