Impact of THIONIL ® on reducing water and soil micropollutant and enhancement of growth, survival, antivibrio, immunity and health indices of Litopenaeus vannamei in pond trial

Abstract

Abstract There is an urgent requisite for an improvement of the white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei health related indices and immunity due to the emerging diseases. Recently, probiotics have been playing an important role in L. vannamei health management. Therefore, the current pond trail was to evaluate the probiotic proficiency of commercial probiotic product of THIONIL (THIO) on enhancement of the water, soil, growth, digestibility, survival, immune related indices and susceptibility of L. vannamei pond level trials. The study was carried out in the major shrimp culturing regions of Kavali, Nellore and Ponneri, Tamil Nadu, India. The experimental L. vannamei was divided into seven groups (1Lacks/ha), such as, negative control (THIO 0% - untreated), positive control (challenge with vibriosis) 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of THIO was encapsulated with commercial feed (CP Aqua). Bioassays were carried out in different day intervals includes, 0, 5, 25, 50, 100 and 123 for evaluating the productivity, anti-vibrio activity, digestive enzyme for digestibility, histological, immunological indices, and cytotoxicity in Artemia nauplii. The significant differences were observed in the increased growth (35.71 g/ shrimp) and digestive parameters in 10% THIO-fed shrimp, however, the other THIO-fed shrimp groups were also showed notable growth compared with control group. The results revealed that, the gill, hepatopancreas and gastro intestine have ha lesser tissue damage in 10% THIO when compared with control. The 10% THIO fed exhibited resistant potential against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (0.008 × 104 cfu/g) (AHPND-Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease) and Vibrio harveyi (0.051×105 cfu/g) (Vibriosis). Additionally, 10% THIO fed shrimp revealed significant enhancement of immune related parameters when compared with control. In conclusion the results documented the THIO treatment shrimp had significant enhancement in the water and soil quality growth, strengthens the innate immunity and showed protection against Vibrio infections.