Effectiveness of an educational program on awareness of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and barriers to seeking medical help among adolescent Omani school students - An interventional study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Women in Oman are usually diagnosed with BC at a younger age and more advanced stage, with poor five-year survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a BC-related educational program among female Omani adolescents. Methods Six female-only public schools were randomly selected from three governorates of Oman and assigned to the control or interventional group. An Arabic version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire was used to evaluate students attending grades 10 and 11 at baseline (T0) and after 4 weeks (T1). After T0, the intervention group participated in a one-hour BC education program involving group discussions, a slideshow presentation, leaflets, and online access to program materials and videos. Results A total of 1,106 students participated, of which 547 (49.5%) and 559 (50.5%) were allocated to the control and intervention groups, respectively. Recognition of BC risk factors (Z = 18.67; p ˂0.001) and symptoms (Z = 20.01; p ˂0.001) increased significantly in the intervention group between T0 and T1 and compared to the control group at T1 (U = 27.27; p ˂0.001, and U = 25.75; p ˂0.001, respectively). Anticipated time to seeking medical help (Z = 18.67; p ˂0.001) and barriers to help-seeking (Z = 7.91; p < 0.001) decreased significantly between T0 and T1 in the intervention group and compared to the control group at T1 (U = 15.78; p ˂0.001, and U = 3.44; p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The program increased knowledge of BC risk factors and symptoms and promoted early medical help-seeking among Omani female adolescents.