Comparative microbiome analysis reveals the variation in microbial communities between ‘Kyoho’ grape and its bud mutant variety

Abstract

Abstract Background: Microbes are an important part of the vineyard ecosystem, which significantly influence the growth and development of grapevines. High-throughput microbiome sequencing can fully identify the microbial communities so as to help to guide viticulture and disease control. Previously, we identified a bud mutant variety, named ‘Fengzao’, from ‘Kyoho’ grapes. With both ‘Fengzao’ and ‘Kyoho’, we conducted high-throughput microbiome sequencing and investigated their microbial communities in different tissues. Methods: Samples of fruit, stem and leaf were separately collected from ‘Fengzao’ and ‘Kyoho’. After microbiome sequencing, analysis of OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) and taxonomy were conducted. The species diversity among different samples were analyzed by performing alpha and beta diversity analysis. Results: A total of 34 OTUs were identified from the different tissues of ‘Fengzao’ and ‘Kyoho’. There were obvious differences in the microbial communities between ‘Fengzao’ and ‘Kyoho’. The fruit and the stem are the tissues with relatively higher abundance of microbes, while the leaves contained less microbes. The fruit and stem of ‘Kyoho’ and the stem of ‘Fengzao’ had relatively higher species diversity based on the alpha diversity analysis. Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae had significantly high abundance in ‘Fengzao’. Firmicutes and Pseudomonas were highly abundant in the stems of ‘Kyoho’, and family of Spirochaetaceae, Anaplasmataceae, Chlorobiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, and genera of Spirochaeta, Sphingomonas, Chlorobaculum and Wolbachia were abundant in the fruits of ‘Kyoho’. Conclusion: The fruit and the stem (but not leaf) of grapevines are important hosts for microbes, and there are significant differences in microbial compositions between ‘Fengzao’ and ‘Kyoho’. These identified microbes will be significant resources for the future researches on the quality regulation and disease control of grapevines.