The difference in clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia between adolescents and adults

Abstract

Abstract Background To compare the clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) between adolescents and adults. Methods A monocentric, prospective, and observational cohort study. Clinical features analysis was stratified by age, which was defined as adolescent group (age < 18 years) and an adult group (age ≥ 18 years). Refractive status, the angles of esotropia, angles of deviation at near and far, diplopia, and stereopsis were evaluated between the two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically different. Results There were 59 patients in the adult group (31 males and 28 females; mean age 29.86 ± 9.64 years), and 42 patients in the adolescent group (29 males and 13 females; mean age 11.57 ± 3.98 years). The age was positively correlated with disease duration (Kendall's tau-b = 0.305), fusional function (Kendall's tau-b = 0.194), and distance stereopsis (Kendall's tau-b = 0.240). The age was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent-right eye(SE-Right) (Kendall's tau-b=-0.305), spherical equivalent-left eye(SE-Left) (Kendall's tau-b=-0.334), the angles of deviation at near (Kendall's tau-b=-0.336) and the angles of deviation at distance (Kendall's tau-b=-0.360). The refractive state of different age groups was significantly different (χ2 = 17.649, p < 0.001). The angles of esotropia in the adolescent group were significantly larger than the adult group (p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences between the two groups for distance stereopsis (χ2 = 2.143, P = 0.143) and near stereopsis (χ2 = 0.671, p = 0. 413). Conclusions AACE has diverse clinical features between the adolescent and adult groups. The adult group presented showed more myopia and smaller angles of esotropia compared to the adolescent, which may be related to different pathogenesis and different eye habits.