Effects of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside on metabolic enzymes and AMPK in the Liver Tissue of STZ-Induced Diabetes in Mice

Abstract

Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the potential antidiabetic properties of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside (Afzelin), both alone and in combination with insulin. To accomplish this, different groups of animals received kaempherol-3-rhamnoside doses and combinations of Humalog insulin and kaempherol-3-rhamnoside for 28 days. The objective was to evaluate the role of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside in glycolytic, gluconeogenic and NADP-linked lipogenic enzymes in liver tissues from STZ-induced diabetic mice while examining pharmacological modulations within the AMPK pathway. These could further regulate metabolic enzymes. The results indicated that in diabetic mice, glycolytic enzyme activities were significantly lower while gluconeogenic ones were higher; however, lipid-based enzyme activity decreased. It was observed that kaempherol-3-rhamnoside had a therapeutic role in the treatment of diabetes by normalising enzyme activities involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, kaempherol-3-rhamnoside treatment activated AMPK activity within liver tissues in diabetic mice by increasing the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. The inhibited AMPK activity observed in these mice was overcome with this treatment. Additionally, the biochemical analysis indicated that kaempherol-3-rhamnoside has the potential to restore cellular function at the molecular level.