Analysis of risk factors and establishment of prediction model for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after lumbar fusion surgery

Abstract

Abstract Background Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) is a common complication after orthopedic surgery. Currently, a reliable assessment tool is lacking to evaluate the risk of postoperative LEDVT in patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. This study aims to explore the risk factors for LEDVT formation after lumbar fusion surgery and establish a predictive model for it. Methods Data of patients admitted for spinal surgery from May 2022 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into DVT and non-DVT groups based on the occurrence of LEDVT after surgery. Potential risk factors were initially identified through intergroup comparative analysis and single-factor logistic regression, which were considered candidate indicators. Subsequently, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique was used to address the issue of class imbalance in the data. LASSO regression was applied to select candidate indicators, and the filtered variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Nomogram and dynamic nomogram were constructed to visualize the model, and the model was subsequently validated. Results Factors including preoperative hospitalization days, age, gender, fibrinogen, and lower limb venous reflux/varicose vein were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The results showed that the model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.803, 0.800, and 0.791 for the training set, validation set, and external validation set, respectively. Nomogram and web-based dynamic nomogram were created based on the multivariable logistic regression model. The model exhibited good performance in calibration curves and decision analysis. Conclusion The study identified shorter preoperative hospitalization days, age, gender, fibrinogen, and the presence of lower limb venous reflux/varicose vein as risk factors for LEDVT formation following lumbar fusion surgery. The predictive tool established based on the Logistic regression model demonstrated good performance and can be considered for assessing the risk of LEDVT formation after lumbar fusion surgery.