Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of repurposing used electric vehicle (EV) batteries for second-life applications in residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, exploring both environmental and economic dimensions through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). As the EV market grows, the environmental and economic sustainability of batteries, including repurposing for stationary applications, becomes critical. This study compares the economic feasibility and environmental impacts of repurposed EV battery packs against new batteries in residential PV systems. The comparison of batteries was carried out through an innovative concept: the lifetime energy throughput (LET). Differences in LET of repurposed batteries (20% to 25% lower than new ones) were used to adjust and calculate battery salvage value prices, which were estimated to be 100 to €120 €/kWh. Key findings highlight the potential economic viability and significant environmental benefits of repurposing, reducing the overall cost of EV while enhancing the sustainability of battery usage. The main parameters influencing repurposing costs and environmental performance are the state-of-health (SOH) and depth of discharge (DOD). The analysis contributes valuable insights into the circular economy potential of EV batteries, offering a model for integrating repurposed batteries into energy storage solutions that support renewable energy adoption.