Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) is an auto-inflammatory systemic vasculitis, with immune system dysregulation playing a key role in its pathogenesis. Accordingly, estimation of active inflammation and modification of immune system is critical in the treatment modalities. Several serum markers have been studied for the identification of active inflammation in BD. This study aimed to investigate complete blood count (CBC) indices, including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with BD.
In this prospective study, 112 BD patients (58 active, 54 non-active) and 61 healthy controls were enrolled from January 2023 to January 2024. CBC indices including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), monocyte to RDW ratio (MRR), and neutrophil to RDW ratio (NRR) were compared between groups.
Accordingly, SII, NLR, ANC, AMC, platelet count, MRR, and NRR were significantly higher in BD patients compared to controls (p-value= 0.004, 0.015, <0.001, 0.037, 0.031, 0.034 and 0.001, respectively). However, there were no differences in these indices between active and non-active groups. Notably, patients with BD-related ocular complications had elevated SII and NRR compared to those without ocular involvement (p-value=0.03 and 0.018, respectively). ROC curve analysis identified SII, NLR, and NRR as predictive factors for BD diagnosis (p-value=0.001, 0.033 and 0.003, respectively).
SII, NLR, PLR, MRR and NRR are found to be elevated in BD patients. Furthermore, SII and NRR are revealed to be increased in patients with BD-related ocular complications. Moreover, SII, NLR and NRR are demonstrated to be predictive factors for making the diagnosis of BD.