WITHDRAWN: Double Burden of Malnutrition among households in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The double burden of malnutrition coexists in communities, families, and individuals due to rapid changes in global food systems and increased urbanization. The occurrence of double-burden malnutrition at the household level has increased significantly in sub-Saharan African countries. The concurrent existence of overweight or obese mothers with undernourished (stunted, wasted, underweight) children in the same households embraces particular significance. However, the national evidence of the double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs has not yet been summarized by systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of double burden of malnutrition at household level in Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted using the advanced search of electronic databases and search engines, on the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition and associated factors at households in Ethiopia, published in English. The standardized JBI is used for data extraction after being generated on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and evaluating the quality of each article. The analysis was done through STATA V.17. Result: A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria among 56877 and 43770 mother-child pairs for systematic review and Meta-analysis respectively. The pooled prevalence of double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs was 8.30 (95% CI: 1.51, 15.09). The heterogeneity test for the pooled prevalence was very high (I²=99.91% and p value=0.00). Regarding the subgroup analysis of sample size, the pooled estimated prevalence of double burden of malnutrition was high from a sample size of less than 1000 mother-child pairs (11.69% (95% CI: 3.11, 2028)). The pooled estimates of the subgroup analysis of the data collected 8 years back were (8.61(1.11, 22.33)). Some factors affect the double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs were identified as residence, household size, housing quality, wealth index, household food security, mother’s age and educational status, and child’s age. Conclusion: The double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs in Ethiopia was highly emerging. Therefore, double-duty interventions should be used to address the double burden of malnutrition, considering different factors at the household level.