Causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and BMD: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Summary:When Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were used to investigate the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and BMD at different sites, there was no causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, or forearm BMD. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and forearm. Methods: Based on the aggregated statistical data of a large published genome-wide association study. The IVW method, the MR-Egger method, the WM method, the Simple Mode method, and the Weighted Mode method were used to evaluate the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD and forearm BMD. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Egger regression, Cochran's Q test and MR-PRESSO Global test to ensure the robustness of the results. Results：The results of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis for type 2 diabetes and lumbar BMD showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.070997 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9839422 to 1.165754), with a p-value of 0.11279766. Similarly, the IVW analysis for type 2 diabetes and femoral neck BMD showed an OR of 1.041797 (95% CI: 0.9657858 to 1.123791), with a p-value of 0.28944290. For type 2 diabetes and forearm BMD, the IVW analysis resulted in an OR of 1.102443 (95% CI: 0.9433071 to 1.288424), with a p-value of 0.22012100. Heterogeneity tests for type 2 diabetes and lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, and forearm BMD did not identify any outlier variables. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, and no pleiotropic effects were observed. Conclusions：There was no causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, or forearm BMD.