Study of the causes of retinal detachment among patients attending Damascus Hospital

Abstract

Background Retinal detachment is the separation of the neurosensory retina (NSR) from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The forces of adhesion between the two layers can be divided into mechanical and metabolic. Mechanical factors in turn are divided into those outside and those inside the subretinal space (SRS). Mechanical forces outside the SRS include fluid pressures and vitreous. Fluid exits the eye through the trabecular meshwork; however, a small proportion tends to exit from the vitreous to the choroid by the intraocular and choroidal oncotic pressures. Research Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted On a random group of patients from January 2022 to May 2023. The final sample size was 150participants, with a confidence interval of 95%. Every participant has signed the informed consent. Results The sample included 150 patients who suffered from retinal detachment. 28.66% were females and 71.33% were males. We find that there is a tendency to suffer from retinal detachment in males more than in females, with a ratio of about 3:1 in favor of males. Most of the cases were without a history of eye surgery (69.33%), the largest remaining percentage had a history of previous cataract surgery (21.33%), and the remaining percentage had a history of surgery as a result of eye trauma (9.33%). Diabetes was the most frequent cause of retinal detachment (33.12%). Severe myopia was the cause of retinal detachment in 8.12% of cases, while moderate myopia was the cause in 3.12%, and a lower percentage of mild myopia was 1.25%. Conclusion Retinal detachment is considered a vision-threatening condition. Our study showed that the disease in Syria has characteristics similar to the global characteristics, but is more severe. Several factors are useful in predicting the development of this disease, including the patient's age, which is the most important factor, in addition to diabetes, myopia, and penetrating trauma, which is also an important factor.