Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and distribution of Candida species among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and distribution of Candida species among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published:2024-06-06 Issue: Volume: Page:
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Author:

Musinguzi Benson¹^ORCID,Obuku Ekwaro A.²^ORCID,Kinengyere Alison Annet³^ORCID,Ndagire Regina⁴^ORCID,Baguma Andrew⁵^ORCID,Mwesigwa Alex⁵^ORCID,Itabangi Herbert⁶^ORCID,Mboowa Gerald⁷^ORCID,Sande Obondo James⁸^ORCID,Achan Beatrice⁹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, Uganda

2. Africa Centre for Systematic Reviews and Knowledge Translation, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

3. Sir Albert Cook Medical Library, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda

4. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

5. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda

6. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda

7. African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive, Sciences, the Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

8. Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

9. Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa is on the rise. Oropharyngeal candidiasis is mainly caused by C. albicans; however, a shift in the etiology towards non-Candida albicans species is increasing. In addition, there are variations in the epidemiological distribution of Candida species causing oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa. Objective: This review aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the distribution of Candida species among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa. Materials and Methods: This systematic review protocol was registered in the base PROSPERO database prior to its conduct (CRD42021254473). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines (PRISMA-P) were followed for this study. The PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases were searched to identify published studies published between 1^st January 2000 and 8^th October 2022. The eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis and analyzed using a random effects model. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool for prevalence studies. Results: The database search yielded 370 titles from PubMed (n=192), EMBASE (n=162) and SCOPUS (n=16). Fourteen studies with a total of 3,863 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis was 49.0% (95% CI: 37% - 62%). A total of 2,688 Candida isolates were reported; approximately 76.6% (n=2,060) were C. albicans, and 21.7% (n=582) were non-C. albicans. Among the non-Candida albicans species, C. glabrata was the most common isolate (29.6%), followed by C. tropicalis (27.7%), C. krusei (17.0%), C. parapsilosis (8.1%) and C. dubliniensis (5.2%). Out of 14 studies, 7 (50.0%) had a low risk of bias, 5 (35.7%) had a moderate risk of bias, and 2 (14.3%) had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Almost half of people living with HIV in Africa have oropharyngeal candidiasis, and C. albicans remains the most frequent cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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