Malaria Prevalence, Prevention Practices, and Associated Factors in the Andasa Cluster, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction After 2019, malaria infections in Ethiopia increased, yet current prevention methods are poorly documented. Understanding these practices and associated factors is crucial for guiding effective interventions and helping Ethiopia achieve its goal of eliminating malaria. This study aims to assess malaria prevalence, prevention practices, and associated factors in the Andasa cluster, an area with persistent malaria transmission in Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 1 to July 15, 2023, in the Andasa cluster, comprising six kebeles with a total population of approximately 10,200. A multistage random sampling technique selected participants from three kebeles with the highest reported malaria cases in 2022. Six villages were randomly chosen using probability proportional to size. All households in these villages were included, with preference given to the oldest adult in each household. A total of 1,311 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions assessed factors related to malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results Two-thirds (65.1%, n = 854) of participants had good knowledge of malaria causes, symptoms, and prevention measures. Nearly half (49.1%, n = 644) had a positive attitude towards malaria prevention. Fever episodes were reported by 29.3% (n = 385) of participants, with 8.3% (n = 32) testing positive for malaria in the two weeks before the survey. Higher income and being single or widowed were linked to more favorable attitudes. Female respondents, higher income, and certain occupations were positively associated with good prevention practices. Participants owning long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and those with positive attitudes were significantly more likely to practice malaria prevention. Conclusion and Recommendation The study reveals good awareness about malaria but identifies areas needing improvement. The relatively poor attitudes and practices towards malaria prevention highlight the need to foster positive health attitudes and provide adequate resources. Tailored interventions addressing gender differences and economic barriers can enhance the effectiveness of malaria prevention practices