Evaluation of Ceftriaxone Pharmacokinetics in Hospitalized Egyptian Pediatric Patients

Abstract

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics that affects the achievement of targets in the treatment of critically ill children (Meningitis, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection, Peritonitis, and Infective Endocarditis( who admitted to Zagazig University Pediatric hospital in Egypt to monitor for the drug adverse effects.Patients and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 24 hospitalized pediatric patients(ages ranging from 2.5 months to 12 years) after administering the calculated dose of ceftriaxone via intravenous bolus route. Then, Ceftriaxone plasma concentrations were measured using a validated HPLC method with ultraviolet detection. The pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using Phoenix Winnonlin Program® software.Results Data for total and free ceftriaxone best fitted on a one-compartment model with the first-order elimination process. Clearance of Ceftriaxone is reduced for patients with reduced kidney function and increased with those with augmented renal clearance. The volume of distribution and the free fraction are increased in these patients, especially those with hypoalbuminemia with a shorter half-life time were detected. A slight increase in total bilirubin and liver enzymes has been observed after treatment with ceftriaxone in these patients.Conclusion In most critically ill pediatric patients, the current ceftriaxone treatment regimen (50 to 100 mg/kg) offers adequate pathogenic coverage. The clearance of free Ceftriaxone in all patients correlates well with their renal function (eGFR), with r2 = 0.7252. During therapy with ceftriaxone at all doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg, a rise in total bilirubin was observed in these patients. Moreover, liver enzymes (ALT and AST) increased moderately (p 0.0001). So, it is recommended to monitor total bilirubin and liver enzymes during the treatment with ceftriaxone, especially for a long duration (more than five days) or use another agent in patients with high baseline values.