Abstract
The skin functions as a crucial defensive barrier against external dangers, and any harm to it leads to the development of wounds, which can range in seriousness from immediate to long-lasting and may include tissue loss. Microbial infections, including those produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, frequently hinder the wound healing process, resulting in delayed recovery and harmful consequences. Utilizing natural chemicals and advanced delivery technologies has become a viable approach to address microbial infections and improve wound healing. Guar gum, which is biocompatible, biodegradable, and mucoadhesive, is perfect for developing nanoformulations for promoting wound healing. The aim of the present study is to develop guar gum-based nanoformulations encapsulating bioactives i.e. Syringic acid, Sinapic acid, or o-coumaric acid for treating wound healing-related microbial infections. The nanoformulations' particle size distribution (around 15-25nm) and zeta potential values (-16 mV to -24 mV) made them stable and suitable for targeted medication administration. Antimicrobial activity testing showed concentration-dependent suppression of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans(C. albicans), proving the formulations' efficiency against wound infections. At lower concentrations, the nanoformulations showed negligible cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells, proving their wound treatment safety and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the developed nanoformulations successfully reduce inflammation by lowering TNF-α and Cox-II levels in normal as well as LPS treated condition. Therefore, nanoformulations offer a new path to wound care drugs with better antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. In vivo and human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety for wound treatment.