Molecular Epidemiology of Sars-CoV-2 in the Pityusic Islands, a Touristic Worldwide Hotspot in the Western Mediterranean

Abstract

Abstract The public health emergency caused by the Covid-19 outbreak in March 2020 encouraged worldwide initiatives to monitor the genetic diversity and features of the SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants, mainly based on the genomic surveillance. However, due to the impossibility to carry out extensive sequencing in resource-limited hospitals, other PCR-based strategies could be applied to efficiently monitor the circulating variants without the need to greatly expand the sequencing capacity. In our case, overpassing the technical limitations inherent to a second level hospital, we were able to characterize the weekly distribution of SARS-CoV-2 by the amplification patterns visualization, genotyping, and sequencing of randomly selected samples. All these molecular approaches allowed us to trace the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in Ibiza and Formentera (Balearic Islands, Spain) during the third to the sixth pandemic waves, in which three major lineages that were considered as VoCs (alpha, delta, and omicron), and many other non-VoC variants were detected and tracked.