Antimicrobial Resistance profiles of staphylococcus aureus in farming communities of Isingiro and Kamuli districts, Uganda

Author:

Kungu Joseph M1,Tegule Sarah S1,Awke Ilyas A1,Namayanja Josephine2,Namyalo Edity1,Oposhia Joseph3,Olum William3,Nyakarahuka Luke1,Kankya Clovice1,Dahourou Dieudonné4,Odoi Agricola5

Affiliation:

1. Makerere University

2. Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries

3. Ministry of Health

4. University of Dedougou, Burkina Faso

5. University of Tennessee

Abstract

Abstract Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is fast becoming a big challenge as resistance to multiple drugs is rising rapidly. The emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus worldwide is life-threatening in both humans and animals and yet little is known about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries including Uganda. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: (a) determine the prevalence of AMR in S. aureus among humans and animals in two districts of Uganda; (b) assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of farmers in Uganda regarding AMR of S. aureus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between July and September 2020 in 147 randomly selected cattle keeping households in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. A structured questionnaire uploaded in Kobocollect online data collection tool was used to assess farmers’ perceptions and practices pertaining to AMR in each of the selected households. Nasal swab samples were collected from both animals and humans (farmers), placed in Stuart Transport medium and taken to the laboratory for processing. Bacterial isolation and confirmation was done using gram-staining and biochemical tests. This was followed by Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. A cleaned Ms excel data file from Kobocollect tool was imported into STATA version 14 to generate descriptive statistics of the AMR patterns, farmers’ perceptions of AMR as well as the practices associated with AMR occurrence in the two districts. Results: Only 14/147 (9.5%) cattle samples and 45/147(30.6%) human samples tested positive for S. aureus and, were assessed for AMR. All (100%) cattle S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nitroimidazoles while 92.9% were resistant to Penicillins. None of the isolates were resistant to Fluoroquinolones (0.0%) and Aminoglycosides (0.0%). All the 14 isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to at least one of the assessed antibiotics and 92.9% (13/14) showed evidence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Likewise, S. aureus human isolates showed high levels of resistance to Nitroimidazoles (100%) and Penicillins (93.3%), with none of the isolates having resistance to Aminoglycosides (0.0%), and only 1 exhibiting resistance to Fluoroquinolones (2.2%). All the 45 human isolates exhibited AMR to at least a one antibiotic while 93% (42/45) had MDR. Most farmers had good perceptions about AMR, with a significantly higher proportion of respondents from Isingiro showing a better understanding of AMR than those from Kamuli. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of occurrence of AMR to antibiotics commonly used in both humans and livestock in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. There is a need to promote appropriate stewardship of antibiotics to minimize the risk of AMR.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference24 articles.

1. Global antibacterial resistance: The never-ending story;Theuretzbacher U;J Glob Antimicrob Resist,2013

2. Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe AN. The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2017;6(47):8 pp. Available from: http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/676/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13756-017-0208-x.pdf?originUrl=http://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/article/10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x&token2=exp=1496969815~acl=/static/pdf/676/art%253A10.1186%252Fs1

3. Antimicrobial drug resistance among clinically relevant bacterial isolates in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review;Leopold SJ;J Antimicrob Chemother,2014

4. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis;Murray CJ;Lancet,2022

5. UNAS CDDEP, GARP-Uganda. Mpairwe, Wamala. Antibiotic Resistance in Uganda: Situation Analysis and Recommendations [Internet]. Uganda National Academy of Sciences. 2015. 1–94 p. Available from: www.ugandanationalacademy.org

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3