Exploring the role of artificial intelligence and inclusive technologies during navigation-based tasks for individuals who are blind or who have low vision: Future directions and priorities.

Abstract

Abstract Background Mainstream smartphone applications are increasingly replacing the use of traditional visual aids (such as hand-held telescopes) to facilitate independent travel for individuals who are blind or who have low vision. Objective The goal of this study was to explore the navigation-based apps used by individuals who are blind or low vision, the factors influencing these decisions, and perceptions about gaps to address future needs. Methods An international online survey was conducted with 139 participants who self-identified as blind or low vision (78 women, 52 men) between the ages of 18 and 76. Results Findings indicate that the decision to use an app based on artificial intelligence versus live video assistance is related to whether the task is dynamic or static in nature. Younger participants and those who are congenitally blind are significantly more likely to employ apps during independent travel. Although a majority of participants rely on apps only during unfamiliar routes (60.91%), apps are shown to supplement rather than replace traditional tools such as the white cane and dog guide. Participants underscore the need for future apps to better assist with indoor navigation and to provide more precise information about points of interest. Conclusions These results provide vital insights for rehabilitation professionals who support the growing population of clients with acquired and age-related vision loss, by clarifying the factors to consider when selecting apps for navigation-based needs. As additional technology-based solutions are developed, it is essential that blind and low vision individuals, including rehabilitation professionals, are meaningfully included within design.