Determinants of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Adult Patients at Health Facility in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Abstract Background: Community-acquired pneumonia in adult remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality both in industrialized and developing countries including Ethiopia. Morbidity and mortality from community-acquired pneumonia have not improved during the last decades despite the best clinical standards available. Therefore, prompt assessment and correction of modifiable risk factors is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. But, there is a limited data on this issue in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients visiting Debre Berhan University Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods:An institution based un-matched case-control study design was conducted. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to select 113 cases and 113 controls until. Using SPSS version 25 software bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of community acquired pneumonia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value < 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance. Results: In this study, recent history of common cold [AOR: 4.35, 95% CI: (2.22, 8.51)], recent history of toothache [AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.33)], and not brushing a teeth regularly [AOR, 2.79, 95% CI: (1.32, 5.88)] were significantly associated with community acquired pneumonia. Conclusion:In this study, common cold, recent history of toothache and lack of regular oral hygiene is significantly associated with community acquired pneumonia in adult. Therefore, health promotion on oral hygiene and common cold are recommended to decrease risk of pneumonia.