Magnitude of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Factors of among Human Immune Deficiency Positive Patients on Ant- Retroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from multiple centers. Objective This study aimed to determine the burden and associated factors of cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in hospitals in Ethiopia. Method This was an institutionally based cross-sectional study of 409 adult HIV-infected patients who were receiving ART for at least six months from February 1–30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants, and the data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. For descriptive statistics, both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. Variables with a P value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered determinant factors for cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected patients. Results A total of 399 HIV-infected patients on ART participated in the study, for a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among adult HIV-positive patients was 70 (17.5%) (95% CI, 14.10-21.61). An undergraduate education level of patients living with HIV/ADIS (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI: (0.48–0.97)), a family history of cardiovascular disease (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: (1.12–3.66), duration of ART treatment (AOR = 4.38, 95% CI: (1.36–14.10), and living with HIV/ADIS with triglycerides (mg/dl) > 150 (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: (1.06–7.64) independently predicted cardiovascular disease among HIV/ADIS patients. Conclusion The magnitude of CVD incidence was high in this study. Educational status, family history of cardiovascular disease, duration of ART, and triglyceride concentration > 150 mg/dl were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive individuals. To increase early detection and early care, HIV care services need to integrate NCDs in both service areas, which has been recommended as a solution to decrease the burden of CVD.