Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with Africa experiencing a substantial burden due to inadequate healthcare infrastructure. In 2020, approximately 1.1 million new cancer cases and 711,000 deaths were reported in Africa. In Nigeria, a significant portion of the population is affected by rising cancer incidences, particularly in Delta State. This study aimed to evaluate cancer care quality and identify prevalent cancer types, risk factors, and demographic characteristics of patients in Delta State. Data were collected from four hospitals from 1,659 cancer patients and 138 health workers. The study employed a secondary data analysis design for patient data and purposive sampling for health workers' surveys. Frequencies and proportions were calculated using the R Package. Over the five years, the highest number of cases, 440 (26.5%), were reported in 2020. Females constituted 78.8% of the reported cases, with most patients over 40 years old. Results indicated a high prevalence of breast cancer, 908(54.7%), and cervical cancer, 107(6.4%), among females. Prostate cancer 94(5.7%) was the most common among males, and for both sexes, the most common cancers were colorectal 211(12.7%) and pancreatic cancer 72(4.3%). Health workers reported significant challenges in cancer management, including a lack of trained oncologists, limited treatment options, and inadequate facilities. Most patients presented at advanced stages due to late detection, exacerbating treatment difficulties. The study highlights the urgent need for improved cancer care infrastructure and early detection programs in Delta State. Recommendations include establishing comprehensive cancer management departments, increasing access to diagnostic and treatment facilities, and implementing robust public education campaigns to promote early detection.