Abstract
Purpose: Evaluating menstrual blood loss (MBL) in primary healthcare is challenging. Our study aimed to assess MBL using two methods: self-perception and pictograms (Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart -PBAC- and Menstrual Pictogram -MP-) in women undergoing transvaginal ultrasound (TVS).
Methods: We enrolled 221 premenopausal women with spontaneous menstruation, no hormonal therapy, and no ongoing pregnancy. They were divided into four age groups (12-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-55 years). Women self-reported normal (NMB) or heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and filled out PBAC and MP. A PBAC score ≥150 and MP score ≥80 ml indicated HMB. TVS was conducted on all patients, recording any pelvic pathologies. We compared self-perception with pictograms across the cohort, age groups, and ultrasound findings.
Results: Of the cohort, 50.2% reported normal periods and 49.8% heavy periods. No significant differences were found between self-perception and pictograms in identifying NMB and HMB across all groups. However, significant differences were observed between PBAC and MP scores for NMB (56.1% vs 41.2%, p=0.001) and HMB (43.9% vs 58.8%, p=0.001), particularly in the 31-40 age group. Significant differences in PBAC and MP scores were noted between age groups 12-20 and 41-55, and 31-40 and 41-55. No significant differences were found between self-perception and pictograms regarding ultrasound findings like adenomyosis, fibroids, endometrial pathology, and uterine congenital malformations.
Conclusion: Self-perception could be a reliable method for describing MBL across all age groups and ultrasound findings. Given the complexity and potential errors in using pictograms, clinicians should consider relying on self-perception for assessing menstrual cycle quantity.