Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells Prepared by Coaxial Electrospinning

Abstract

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells prepared by coaxial electrospinning. Methods The coaxial electrospinning technique was used to prepare the shell-core electrospun scaffold (PP-B) loaded with BMP-2 protein, which served as the study cluster. In addition, the electrospun scaffold (PP) was prepared with the same shell material and employed as the control cluster. The effects of the two clusters on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were compared. Results Compared with the control cluster, no significant differences were observed in the stent diameter and contact angle within the study cluster (P > 0.05). The cumulative release of BMP-2 in vitro increased with time, indicating continuous BMP-2 release from the PP-B stent. In contrast to the complete medium, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level under the extract of the PP-B stent was higher, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). After 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of cell culture, an increase in CCK-8 was observed in both clusters, but there was no significant difference in the level change between the two clusters (P > 0.05), indicating that there was no significant toxicity in both clusters of materials. However, ALP activity increased in both clusters after 7 and 14 days of cell culture, and the change was more pronounced in the study cluster than in the control cluster, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion No remarkable toxicity was observed in the cells for PP and PP-B scaffolds, and BMP-2 was continuously released in vitro by the scaffolds. Furthermore, PP-B scaffolds significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.