Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Hub Genes in Ischemic Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist and mutually influence each other. The association between AF and the subtype of HF, Ischaemic heart failure (IHF), remains insufficiently described, despite their high prevalence. Hence, comprehending their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Methods Datasets for HF (GSE57338) and AF (GSE128188) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Intersecting these sets generated common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for further analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and hub gene identification. Subsequently, the HF dataset (GSE116250) and AF dataset (GSE2240) were utilized to confirm the expression of the hub genes. Results The study identified 20 common DEGs. Among them, 10 hub genes (SFRP4, FMOD, HAPLN1, LTBP2, SVEP1, BCL6, ANPEP, CD38, ATRNL1, and BEX1) were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of HF and AF. Conclusion The identified 10 hub genes can serve as potentially valuable biomarkers for IHF and AF. Enrichment analysis reveals that these potential biomarkers are significantly associated with extracellular matrix, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism, providing a foundational target for the joint diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.