Quantitative changes over time in the three-dimensional assessment of facial swelling following mandibular third molar surgery: A follow-up study of 5 consecutive days

Abstract

Abstract Objectives. The study aimed to analyze and quantify three-dimensional consecutive changes in facial swelling following impacted mandibular third molar (IM3M) surgery, and verify the repeatability and accuracy of three-dimensional(3D) photogrammetry. Materials and methods. A total of 46 patients was scheduled to undergo IM3M surgery. 3D facial scanning images were obtained before surgery, and the first consecutive 5 days postoperatively. 3D software was used to assess and quantify volumetric changes between serial 3D images. Swelling of the face was measured in relation to the change in volume and thickness. Additionally, repeatability measurements for 3D images were performed on non-surgical side to gain access to the reliability and validity of this measurement. Results. The maximum evident volumetric swelling was 23.64±11.15cm3, occurred on the second post-operative day, and the maximum thickness swelling was 6.08±2.25mm, occurred on the first post-operative day. The repeatability test showed no significant difference in pairs comparisons for the five non-surgical datasets. Conclusions. Facial swelling after IM3M surgery reached its maximum volume on the 2nd postoperative day and its maximum thickness on the 1st postoperative day, and the 3D photogrammetry system is a reliable tool for measuring and monitoring changes in the swelling of the face. Clinical Relevance. Quantity the consecutive changes over time in postoperative facial swelling following IMTM surgery，and verify the 3D photogrammetry is a reliable tool to monitor changes in facial swelling.