Enhancing resilience of the smart urban electrical and gas grids considering reserve scheduling and pre-event responses via the onsite supply strategy of the energy storage systems and demand response

Abstract

Abstract Due to climate change and the occurrence of natural disasters in recent decades, energy supply to consumers has faced risks in different areas, especially in urban areas. Hurricanes are the most common natural disasters in urban areas in the damage to energy grids like electrical distribution grids. This study focused on enhancing resilience oriented in the electrical distribution grids in urban areas with smart grid technologies. The poles outage by hurricanes in the electrical distribution grid is introduced as a natural event subject to scenario generation via the pole fragility function. The short-term reserve scheduling is proposed as a pre-event response for enhancing resilience oriented against event at day-ahead. The reserve scheduling is implemented with attention to three strategies such as installing backup generators (BGs), demand response program (DRP), and storage systems (SSs) utilization considering microgrids formation in the damaged areas. The BGs are fed by urban gas grids for supply electrical demand in the damaged areas. In following, DRP is considered for demand management based on offer prices to consumers for demand reduction. Also, the SSs are operated by consumers as onsite generation for meet self-demand in the during event. The implementation of the proposed approach is done by using tri-objectives such as 1) minimizing the reserve costs, 2) minimizing the consumers’ dissatisfaction, and 3) maximizing the resilience oriented of the electrical distribution grid. The GAMS software and augmented ε-constraint method are presented for solving reserve scheduling. Finally, the superiority of the pre-event responses considering proposed reserve scheduling is verified via numerical simulation on the IEEE 33-bus distribution grid in the several case studies.