Abstract
The world is currently grappling with a significant challenge, marked by environmental pollution, amidst the abundance of energy and opportunities. Nevertheless, to overcome such adverse effects, scientific methodologies must be adapted, and among those, electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising tool for the primary detection of various pollutants in real samples. Herein, we have developed the distinctive type of electrochemical sensor with Cd doped TiO2 as sensor material for the detection of a nitroaromatic contaminant, chloramphenicol (CAP). Cd-TiO2 was synthesised by the sol-gel, followed by a hydrothermal process to obtain the Cd-doped TiO2 sensor material. Further, it underwent various characterization techniques like XRD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, and EIS. Moreover, to determine the detection facility, CV and LSV techniques were deployed. Proven results with a remarkable low limit of detection 3.5 nM and a linear concentration range were found to be 1 µm to 25 µm. Real sample analysis was conducted with different samples: Honey and coconut water. Additionally, DFT studies were conducted to verify the HOMO-LUMO of CAP and electrostatic potential. The results obtained were accurate and could be chosen as best sensor material for the detection of CAP in real-world analysis.